21. Prepare a note on the topic "State and Citizen".
OR
The collective action of the people and their Co-operation is essential for Civic Consciousness.
Explain with examples.
Answer
State and Citizen
Population is an essential factor of state.
Nationality is recorded in birth certificate, passport, etc. This reveals the citizenship of an individual.
'A person who has the right to participate in the law making procedure and implementation of law is called the citizen of the state.' - Aristotle
Citizenship is the full and equal membership in a nation. Citizenship enables a person to experience political and civil rights.
The concept of citizenship gained importance when democracy came into existence. Only the citizens can enjoy the political rights of a nation.
Two type of citizenship
a. Natural citizenship : Citizenship by birth is natural citizenship.
b. Acquired citizenship : When a person acquires citizenship on the basis of the legal procedure of
a nation, it is acquired citizenship.
Collective action of the people and their Co-operation is essential for Civic Consciousness
22. The relief in topographical maps are represented by contour lines.
(i) What are contour lines ?
(ii) What is the colour of contour linps in topographical maps ?
(iii) What is Contour Interval ?
(iv) What is the relationship between the spacing of contour and nature of slope ?
OR
Substantiate the capability of Buffer analysis in Geographical Information System with
examples. List the other analytical capabilities of GIS.
Answer
Substantiate the capability of Buffer analysis
23. List out the Acts for the protection of the consumers apart from the consumer protection Act, 1986.
OR
Explain how education helps in the development of a country.
Answer
Acts for the protection of the consumers
How education helps in the development of a country
24. The apparent movement of the Sun is the basic cause for occurrence of seasons.
(i) What is the apparent movement of the Sun ?
(ii) Compare Uttaravanam and Dakshinayanam.
OR
Answer the following questions related to atmospheric pressure.
(i) What is atmospheric pressure ?
(ii) Name the instrument used for measuring atmospheric pressure.
(iii) How do altitude, temperature and humidity influence atmospheric pressure ?
Answer
Since the parallelism is maintained same throughout the revolution, the position of the Sun in relation to the Earth varies apparently between Tropic of Cancer (231/2° North) and Tropic of Capricorn (231/2° South)
OR
The collective action of the people and their Co-operation is essential for Civic Consciousness.
Explain with examples.
Answer
State and Citizen
Population is an essential factor of state.
Nationality is recorded in birth certificate, passport, etc. This reveals the citizenship of an individual.
'A person who has the right to participate in the law making procedure and implementation of law is called the citizen of the state.' - Aristotle
Citizenship is the full and equal membership in a nation. Citizenship enables a person to experience political and civil rights.
The concept of citizenship gained importance when democracy came into existence. Only the citizens can enjoy the political rights of a nation.
Two type of citizenship
a. Natural citizenship : Citizenship by birth is natural citizenship.
b. Acquired citizenship : When a person acquires citizenship on the basis of the legal procedure of
a nation, it is acquired citizenship.
Collective action of the people and their Co-operation is essential for Civic Consciousness
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Water scarcity
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Effective utilisation of water.
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Environmental pollution
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Garbage treatment at source
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Flood
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Shifting the residence in safe zone
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Corruption
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Awareness against corruption
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22. The relief in topographical maps are represented by contour lines.
(i) What are contour lines ?
(ii) What is the colour of contour linps in topographical maps ?
(iii) What is Contour Interval ?
(iv) What is the relationship between the spacing of contour and nature of slope ?
OR
Substantiate the capability of Buffer analysis in Geographical Information System with
examples. List the other analytical capabilities of GIS.
Answer
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(i)
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Contours are imaginary lines drawn on maps connecting those places
having equal elevation from the sea level. Or Contour lines are imaginary
lines joining places having the same elevation above the sea level.
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(ii)
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Brown
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(iii)
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The difference between the value of two adjacent contours is called contour interval.
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(iv)
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The closely spaced contours represent steep slopes and the widely spaced contours represent gentle slopes.
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Substantiate the capability of Buffer analysis
A circular zone created around a point feature or a parallel zone created aside a linear feature in buffer analysis is called buffer zone. Suppose if we want to find out the number of houses located within three kilometre radius of your school, the possibility of buffer analysis can be used effectively. If the spatial data of the place where your school is located is subjected to buffer analysis in GIS, a circular area with 3 km radius can be created around your school so as to find out the number of houses in that area. Suppose a road in your region is widening from 5 m to 8 m as per the government decision. In such a situation , a zone of required width is created along the existing road by using the possibility of buffer analysis in GIS. Thus we can easily determine how much land has to be acquired and how many people will become homeless.
23. List out the Acts for the protection of the consumers apart from the consumer protection Act, 1986.
OR
Explain how education helps in the development of a country.
Answer
Acts for the protection of the consumers
- Sale of Goods Act, 1930
- Agriculture Produce (Grading and Marking) Act, 1937
- Essential Commodities Act, 1955
- Weights and Measures Act, 1976
How education helps in the development of a country
- Improves the skills of individuals
- Betters the technological know - how
- Helps to secure better job and income
- Improves the standard of living
24. The apparent movement of the Sun is the basic cause for occurrence of seasons.
(i) What is the apparent movement of the Sun ?
(ii) Compare Uttaravanam and Dakshinayanam.
OR
Answer the following questions related to atmospheric pressure.
(i) What is atmospheric pressure ?
(ii) Name the instrument used for measuring atmospheric pressure.
(iii) How do altitude, temperature and humidity influence atmospheric pressure ?
Answer
Since the parallelism is maintained same throughout the revolution, the position of the Sun in relation to the Earth varies apparently between Tropic of Cancer (231/2° North) and Tropic of Capricorn (231/2° South)
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Utharayanam
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Dakshinayanam
|
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The Sun sets its northward apparent
movement from Tropic of Capricorn (231⁄2°S) and it culminates on
Tropic of Cancer (231⁄2°N) following the winter solstice to June 21.
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The Sun sets its southward apparent movement
from Tropic of Cancer (231⁄2°N) and it culminates on Tropic of Capricorn
(231⁄2°S)
Following the summer solstice to December 22
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Atmospheric pressure
(i) Atmospheric pressure is the weight of atmospheric air
(i) Atmospheric pressure is the weight of atmospheric air
(ii) Mercury Barometer
(iii) The atmospheric pressure decreases as the temperature increases and vice versa The atmospheric pressure decreases as the altitude increases and vice versa The atmospheric pressure decreases as the humidity increases and vice versa inversely proportional (Eg: The atmospheric pressure and the altitude are inversely proportional.)
25. Explain the factors that led to the American War of Independence.
Hints:
Mercantilist laws
Continental congress
OR
Analyse the growth of Nazism in Germany.
Areas to be considered :
Factors that helped Hitler to come to power in Germany.
Policy of Hitler in Germany.
Answer
England had established thirteen colonies in the eastern coast of North
America.
The British treated the American colonies as centers for collecting raw materials for their industry and as market for selling their products. This policy implemented by the British merchants with the help of their motherland in the American colonies, is known as Mercantilism. As part of Mercantilism, several laws were implemented in the British colonies.
Mercantilist Laws
Continental Congress.
The delegates of all the colonies except Georgia met at Philadelphia in 1774 to protest against the policies and rules imposed by England. It is known as the First Continental Congress. Subsequently, people of the colonies submitted a petition to the King of England. They demanded the revocation of the regulations enforced on industry and commerce and not to impose tax without the approval of the people. But the king sent a military force to suppress the people. This led to the war between England and the colonies.
The Second Continental Congress held at Philadelphia in 1775 elected George Washington as the commander-in- chief of the Continental Army.
The American Continental Congress issued the famous Declaration of Independence on 4 July 1776. The declaration was prepared by Thomas Jefferson, and Benjamin Franklin. The war between England and the colonies ended in 1781
Hitler and Nazism
The factors that helped Hitler, the leader of Nazi party come to power in Germany.
The Treaty of Versailles imposed by the victorious allies on Germany after the First World War.
Economic destruction and inflation.
Failure of German government and the resultant political uncertainty.
Policy Of Hitler
With his oratory skills and organizational abilities, Hitler easily succeeded in gaining popular support.
He dismissed the government and captured power. Socialists, Communists, Jews and Democrats were executed. Hitler held the Jews responsible for Germany's ruin and humiliation. Jews were massacred enmasse in specially built concentration camps. This is known as the Holocaust. A military force
'Brown Shirts' and a secret police troop 'Gestapo' were in charge of assaulting and massacring the Jews. Hitler projected the purity of the Aryan race and argued that Aryans should rule the world. He deified the Aryans ancestry of the Germans. All other political parties, except the Nazi Party, were banned. Trade unions also were banned. Military service was made compulsory. Hitler incited a spirit of revenge among the Germans against the terms of the Treaty of Versailles.
Hints:
Mercantilist laws
Continental congress
OR
Analyse the growth of Nazism in Germany.
Areas to be considered :
Factors that helped Hitler to come to power in Germany.
Policy of Hitler in Germany.
Answer
England had established thirteen colonies in the eastern coast of North
America.
The British treated the American colonies as centers for collecting raw materials for their industry and as market for selling their products. This policy implemented by the British merchants with the help of their motherland in the American colonies, is known as Mercantilism. As part of Mercantilism, several laws were implemented in the British colonies.
Mercantilist Laws
- The goods to and from the colonies must be carried only in British ships or ships built in the British colonies.
- British stamp must be affixed on all the legal documents, newspapers, pamphlets, license, etc
- Import tax must be paid for the import of tea, glass, paper, etc.
- Products of the colonies like sugar, wool, cotton, tobacco, etc. could only be exported to England.
- Colonies must provide food and quarters for the British troops which were maintained in the colonies.
Continental Congress.
The delegates of all the colonies except Georgia met at Philadelphia in 1774 to protest against the policies and rules imposed by England. It is known as the First Continental Congress. Subsequently, people of the colonies submitted a petition to the King of England. They demanded the revocation of the regulations enforced on industry and commerce and not to impose tax without the approval of the people. But the king sent a military force to suppress the people. This led to the war between England and the colonies.
The Second Continental Congress held at Philadelphia in 1775 elected George Washington as the commander-in- chief of the Continental Army.
The American Continental Congress issued the famous Declaration of Independence on 4 July 1776. The declaration was prepared by Thomas Jefferson, and Benjamin Franklin. The war between England and the colonies ended in 1781
Hitler and Nazism
The factors that helped Hitler, the leader of Nazi party come to power in Germany.
The Treaty of Versailles imposed by the victorious allies on Germany after the First World War.
Economic destruction and inflation.
Failure of German government and the resultant political uncertainty.
Policy Of Hitler
With his oratory skills and organizational abilities, Hitler easily succeeded in gaining popular support.
He dismissed the government and captured power. Socialists, Communists, Jews and Democrats were executed. Hitler held the Jews responsible for Germany's ruin and humiliation. Jews were massacred enmasse in specially built concentration camps. This is known as the Holocaust. A military force
'Brown Shirts' and a secret police troop 'Gestapo' were in charge of assaulting and massacring the Jews. Hitler projected the purity of the Aryan race and argued that Aryans should rule the world. He deified the Aryans ancestry of the Germans. All other political parties, except the Nazi Party, were banned. Trade unions also were banned. Military service was made compulsory. Hitler incited a spirit of revenge among the Germans against the terms of the Treaty of Versailles.
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