Class X - SSLC - Biology Quick Notes : Windows of Knowledge - 3

Explain the ways that our lens adjust its focal length according to the distance from objects?

When we look at a distant object, the ciliary muscles are in a relaxed position so as to keep the ligaments tight. Therefore the curvature of lens decreases to fix the image on retina .When we look at a near object, the ciliary muscles contract to loosen the ligaments. When ligaments relax, the curvature of lens increases naturally ,to focus the image on retina. 

 

Viewing distant
objects

Viewing near
objects

Ciliary muscles

Relaxes

Contracts

Ligaments

tightens

loosen

Curvature of lens

Decreases

Increases

Focal length

Increases

Decreases

The characteristics of images formed on retina are Real, Small, Inverted and Accommodated.

Compare and contrast between the photo receptors seen on the retina.

Photoreceptor

Containing pigment

Function

Related disorder

Rod cells

Rhodopsin

Vision under dim light

Night blindness

Cone cells

Photopsin / Iodopsin

Vision under intense light

Colour blindness

Receptor region of the rod cells is rod shaped and contain the pigment rhodopsin, which will be   stimulated under dim light. Receptor region of the cone cells is cone shaped and contain the pigment   photopsin (iodopsin) which will be stimulated under intense light.  Under dim light, rhodopsin dissociates to form retinal and opsin to produce impulses from rod cells.   Under intense light, photopsin (iodopsin) dissociates to form retinal and opsin to produce impulses from  cone cells. The three types of cone cells (red, green & blue) provide us with colour vision.




Vitamin A help us for better vision because  Retinal, the visual pigment found in the photoreceptors, is formed from vitamin A.

Blind spot VS Yellow spot
Blind spot is a part of retina from where the optic nerve begins. No photoreceptors at this spot, hence 
no vision.
Yellow spot is the point of highest vision in the retina, where more cone cells seen. Images 
form in and around the yellow spot.

Point on retina lacking vision is the  Blind spot.

Point of highest vision in retina Yellow spot.

The bird, owl has no vision in day time because Owl’s retina is devoid of cone cells and hence no vision in day time. Animals like cat and owl have more vision at night because Cat and owl has more rod cells in their retina, so that they have more vision at night.

A kite can locate its prey even from high altitude because the eyes of kite are closer to each other and contain a large number of cone cells. Hence it has high power of vision

What are the changes occur in retina when images focus on it ?
When light rays from the object passes through cornea and pupil fall on the lens, a small, real inverted image forms on the retina. When the image is formed under dim light, rhodopsin in the rod cells dissociate to produce impulses and when the image is formed under intense light, photopsin in the cone cells dissociate to produce impulses. These impulses are transmitted through the optic nerve. The brain coordinates the images from both eyes to feel perfect vision

Though images of object are formed in both eyes, we can see only one object. The reason behind this is Cerebrum coordinates the two images and hence get a three dimensional view of the object

Binocular vision : The ability of both the eyes to focus on the same object is known as binocular vision. Binocular vision help us to get a three dimensional image of the object. This help us to calculate the correct distance, depth, height and width of the object.

The Reason of closing one eye while shooting an object :  Binocular vision help us to get a three dimensional image of the object and to calculate the correct distance, depth, height and width of the object. But in the case of aiming an object, we need to get  correct line instead of common focus through binocular vision.

Class X - SSLC - Biology Quick Notes : Windows of Knowledge - 2

Explain the fluids filled in the chambers of eye , position and function ?
Aqueous humor : A watery fluid seen in the aqueous chamber [between cornea and lens] , oozes from the blood. This fluid supplies nutrients and oxygen to cornea and lens.
Vitreous humor : A jelly like fluid filled with in the vitreous chamber [between lens and retina], helps to maintain the shape of eyeball



Cornea is the Slightly projected transparent anterior part of the sclera.

Conjunctiva is the transparent membrane which protects the sclera, except the cornea.

Iris is the dark colored anterior part of choroid which contains the pigment melanin. 

The aperture at the center of iris is Pupil.

The antagonistic muscles in the iris that regulate the size of eye pupil is Radial muscles (pupillary dilator) and Circular muscles (pupillary constrictor).

When bright light falls, the eye pupil Constricts due to the contraction of the circular muscles

The muscles, which adjust the curvature of eye lense seen behind the iris is Ciliary muscles.

The power of accommodation of the eye is the capacity of the eye to change the curvature of lens depending up on the distance between the the eye and the object by adjusting the focal length is called the power of accommodation of the eye

Class X - SSLC - Biology Quick Notes : Windows of Knowledge - 1

Explain how the feeling of senses made possible

Sense is possible only when impulses from sense organs reach at the brain through the sensory nerves.The ends of sensory nerve from the brain act as the receptors inside the sense organs.

 

Receptors

Stimulus

Function

Eye

Photo receptors in the retina (Rod & Cone cells)

Light

Vision

Ear

Auditory receptors in the basilar membrane

Sound

Hearing

Nose

Olfactoiy receptors

Olfactory particles

Smelling

Tongue

Taste receptors in the taste buds

Taste particles

Tasdng

Skin

Receptors for heat, cold, touch, pressure and pain

Heat, cold, touch,
prpssure or pain

Heat, cold, touch,
prpssure and pain


Our eyes protected as follows

  • Bony eye socket (orbit) - protects eye.
  • External eye muscles - fixes the eye ball in the orbit.
  • Eyelids - protect from dust and other particles.
  • Eyelashes - protect from dust with out obstructing vision.
  • Eyebrow - prevents perspiration or water reaching in to the eyes.
  • Tears - clean and lubricate the anterior part, washes away the dust particles and destroys germs.
  • Conjunctiva - secretes mucus to prevent the eye from being dry.

The enzyme contained in tears are called Lysozyme.

The 3 layers of human eye are as follows

  • a. Sclera –The outermost, strong layer, that gives shape. Its transparent anterior portion is the cornea.
  • b.Choroid- Middle layer of blood capillaries, which supply nutrients and oxygen. Its anterior dark screen with pupil is the iris. A convex lens is placed behind the iris.
  • c. Retina- The innermost layer on which, the image forms. The optic nerve starts from the retina.

Kerala SSLC English ( Second Language ) Examination March 2021 - Question and Answer Explained

 

SSLC EXAMINATION, MARCH - 2021
ENGLISH

Second Language

Time : 2  Hours                                                                              Total Score : 80

Instructions:

     20 minutes is given as cool off time.

     Use cool off time to read the questions and plan your answers.

     Attempt the questions according to the instructions.

     Keep in mind the score and the time while answering the questions.

     The maximum score for questions from 1 to 45 will be 80.

Score

Questions 1 - 5 : Read the following excerpt from The Snake and the Mirror' and answer
the questions that follow.
 

It was a hot summer night about ten o'clock. I had my meal at the restaurant and returned to
my room. I heard a noise from above as I opened the door. The sound was a familiar one.
One could say that rats and I shared the room. I took out my box of matches and lighted the
kerosene lamp on the table.

The house was not electrified; it was a small rented room. I had just set-up medical practice
and my earnings were meagre. I had about sixty rupees in my suitcase. Along with some
shirts and dhotis, I also possessed one solitary black coat which I was then wearing.

1.   What is the time referred to in the passage ?

Answer : Night 10 o' clock

2.   'The sound was a familiar one'. What makes the homeopath       say       so         ?

Answer : The room where the Homeopath staying was infested with rats. There was a regular traffic of rats on the roof. So the sound made by the movement of rats was familiar to him

3.   Identify the sentence that tells you the homeopath is not            an experienced doctor.

Answer : ‘ I had just set up medical practice and my earnings were meagre'

4. What were the possessions of the homeopath ?

Answer : His possessions were a suitcase with sixty rupees in it, some shirts and dhotis and a black coat

5..Pick out the word that means 'not having enough of something' from the passage.

Answer : Meagre

Questions 6 - 9: Read the lines from The Ballad of Father Gilligan' and answer the questions that follow.

Upon the time of sparrow' chirp
When the moths came once more,
The old priest Peter Gilligan
Stood upright on the floor.

'Mavrone, mavrone! The man has died
While I slept in the chair.'
He roused his horse out of its sleep
And rode with little care.

6.    Pick out the two references in the first stanza that tell you the time is early morning.  

Answer : ‘ Sparrow chirp, ‘Moths came once more'

7.    Identify an instance of alliteration in the first stanza.                               1

Answer : The old priest Peter Gilligan

8. How did Peter Gilligan express his sadness in not performing his duty ?

Answer : He exclaimed ‘Mavrone, Mavrone the man has died while I slept in Chair'

9. What did Peter Gilligan do once he realised his mistake ?               1

Answer : He roused his horse and rode with no care

Question 10: Read the lines from the poem 'Lines Written in Early Spring and prepare a    note of appreciation focusing on its theme, imagery and poetic devices.

I heard a thousand blended notes,

While in a grove I sate reclined,

In that sweet mood when pleasant thoughts

Bring sad thoughts to the mind.

To her fair works did Nature link
The human soul that through me ran;

And much it grieved my heart to think
What man has made of man.

Answer : Appreciation of the poem ‘Lines written in Early Spring

Question 11: Read the lines from the poem The Ballad of Father Gilligan' and prepare a  note of appreciation focusing on its theme, imagery and other poetic devices.

The old priest Peter Gilligan
Was weary night and day
For half his flock were in their beds
Or under green sods lay.

Once, while he nodded in a chair
At the moth-hour of the eve
Another poor man sent for him
And he began to grieve.

Answer : Appreciation of the poem ‘The Ballad of Father Gilligan

Questions 12 -17: Read the passage and answer the questions that follow.

A lovely little girl was holding two apples with both hands. Her mom came in and
softly asked her little daughter with a smile, "My sweetie, could you give your mom
one of your apples ?"

The girl looked up at her mom for some seconds, then she suddenly took a quick bite on one apple, and then quickly on the other. The smile on mom's face froze. She tried hard not to reveal her  disappointment. Then the little girl handed one of her bitten apples to her mom. She said, "Mummy, here you are. Take this apple. This is the sweeter one." No matter who you are, how experienced you are, and how knowledgeable you think you are, always delay judgement. Give others the privilege to explain themselves. What you see may not be the reality.

12.  What did the mother ask the little girl for ?

Answer : The mother asked for one of the apples

13.  What did the girl do after hearing the mother's question ?

Answer : She took a quick bite on both apples

14.  Pick out the sentence that tells you the mother was upset.

Answer : The smile on mom’s face froze she tried hard not to reveal her disappointment

15.  The passage says that we should not_ .

Answer : judge others immediately

16. The little girl bit both the apples to_ .

Answer : know which is sweeter

17.  Which apple did the girl handover to her mother ?

Answer : One of the bitten apples

Questions 18 - 22: Answer in about 120 words.

18.  The fight between the cobra and the mongoose in the story 'Adventures in a Banyan   Tree' is an exciting one. Narrate the fight scene in your own words. (HintsCobra glides out of the clump - mongoose emerges from the bushes - mongoose is a clever lighter - cobra is skilful - mongoose bites the snake - mongoose wins - drags the cobra to the bushes)

Answer : Prepare a narrative about the fight between the cobra and mongoose in your own words.

19.       For compassionate souls helping others is a means to find happiness. Prepare a write-up based on the story 'The Best Investment I Ever Made' justifying this statement (HintsNarrator is a young doctor - a sergeant informs him about a suicide case - tries hard to bring the man back to life - the man comes back to life - tells his story - narrator gives seven pounds and ten shillings)

Answer : Prepare a write-up based on the story "The Best Investment I Ever Made".

20.  Satyajit Rav and his team needed a tiger for the film 'Goopy Gyne Bagha       Byne . But shooting the scene with the tiger turned out to be a very difficult task.        Prepare a description in your own words detailing the difficulties they faced in shooting the scene at Notun Gram.

(Hints Brings a tiger from the circus company - a lorry arrives with two tigers - the animal
trainer Mr. Thorat tries to control the tiger - shooting completed - poor results - second
attempt - shoots the scene)

Answer : Prepare a description in your own words about the difficulties they faced in shooting the scene at Notun Gram.

21.  Vaikom Muhammad Basheer is a master storyteller. The story 'The Snake and the Mirror' is an excellent example of his writing style blended with humour.    Narrate in your words the incidents in the story highlighting the elements of humour. (HintsThe homeopath shares the room with rats earthshaking decisions - wishes to marry a fat woman - snake admires its own beauty - thief leaves the vest)

Answer : Prepare a narrative in your own words about the humorous elements in the story "The Snake and the Mirror "

22.Mr. John in the story, 'The Best Investment I Ever Made', met with unexpected twists
and turns in his life. Narrate in your own words the events that happened in the life of
Mr. John.

(HintsA n advocate's clerk -falls victim to the habits of loose society - steals money - terrified of
the prosecution - attempts suicide - Cronin helps - works as a social worker)

Answer : Prepare a narrative in your own words about the events that happened in the life of mr. John from the story "The Best Investment I Ever Made".

Questions 23 - 27: Answer in about 80 words.

23.  Prepare a profile of Vaikom Muhammad Basheer using the hints given

Born                    ;    21 January 1908, Thalayolaparambu

Known as            :    Beypore Sultan

Spouse                :    Fabi Basheer

Notable works :        'Balyakalasakhi', 'Shabdangal', 'Pathummayude            Aadu'

Awards                    : Padma Shri, Vallathol Award, Muttathu Varkey          Award

Death                       :  1994

Answer : Prepare a profile of vaikom muhammed Basheer.


24. Mr. John in the story, 'The Best Investment I Ever Made', writes a letter to Cronin thanking
him for his help. Write the likely letter.

Answer : Mr. Johan wrote a thanking letter to cronin for his help.


25. The shooting at Notun Gram where Mr. Thorat arrived with two tigers in a lorry turns
out to be an interesting incident for the onlookers. Imagine that you are a news reporter
who happened to be at the shooting location. Prepare the likely news report.


Answer : Prepare a newspaper report about the curious behavior of the tiger at Notun Gram.

26. Mr John in the story, 'The Best Investment I Ever Made', decides to dedicate the rest of
his life for people in need. Attempt a character sketch of Mr. John.

Answer : Prepare a character sketch of Mr. John.


27. The story 'The Adventures in a Banyan Tree' describes a boy's close-knit relationship with nature. Based on the story, prepare a write-up on the topic 'Life in harmony with nature'.

Answer : Prepare a write-up on the topic"Life in harmony with nature" based on the story 'The

Adventures in a Banyan Tree".

 

Questions 28 - 36 : Answer in about 60 words.

28. Even Mr. Thorat, the animal trainer, was surprised by the sudden emergence ot the
tiger from the cage in the lorry. Imagine you happened to meet Mr. 1 horat and talked
about the incident. Prepare the likely conversation between Mr. 1 horat and you. (A/
least five exchanges)

Answer : Prepare a conversation between YOU and Mr. Thorat.

29. The Literary Club of your school has decided to conduct an Online Literary Fest.
Well-known writer M.T. Vasudevan Nair has consented to inaugurate the fest. As the
convener of the club you are asked to prepare a notice for the function. Draft the likely
notice.

Answer : Draft a Notice (Literary Fest)

30. Returning home after escaping from the snake, the homeopath was shocked to see
almost everything he had was stolen. He was upset and jotted down his thoughts in
his diary. Write the likely diary entry.

Answer : Diary entry of Homeopath doctor.

31. Martha, in the story The Scholarship Jacket' happened to hear the conversation between
Mr. Schmidt, her History teacher and Mr. Boone, her Math teacher. Write a paragraph
on the topic of their discussion and the arguments the)' put forward to justify their
points.

Answer : Wtite a paragraph based on the arguments and discussion made by mr. Boone and mr. Schmidt.

 

32. After reaching home Ali informed his sister Zahra that he had lost her shoes. Zahra
was disappointed. Write the likely conversation between Ali and Zahra.

Answer : Prepare a conversation between Zahra and Ali.

33. The bov in the story 'Adventures in a Banyan Tree' was excited to see the fight between
the mongoose and the cobra. He wrote his thoughts in his diary. Write the likely diary entry.

Answer : Diary entry of the boy from the story "The Adventures in a Banyan Tree"


34 The story 'Vanka' narrates the torturing experiences faced by a boy named Vanka at
Alyakhin's house. Write a brief paragraph describing Vanka's experiences at Alyakhin's
house.

Answer : Write a paragraph about Vanka's experience at Alyakin's house.

35. Imagine that you happened to meet the Grandfather in the story 'Adventures in a Banvan Tree'.' Prepare a set of five questions you would like to ask him.

Answer : Questionnire (prepare five questions to ask Grandfather from the story"The Adventures in a Banyan Tree"


36. In her speech on the topic The Danger of a Single Story' Adichie explains how the single story about something is often incomplete. Write a paragraph on how Adichie shows us an example for this in the case of Fide s family.

Answer : Write a pragraph on"Single story often incomplete" based an example in the case of Fide's

family.

Questions 37 - 42 : The table given below shows the details of a few Nobel Prize winners*.
Study the table and answer the questions that follow.

Name

Literary Area

Year

Country

Dorris Lessing

Novel

2007

The UK

Mario Vargas Llosa

Novel and Drama

2010

Peru

Bob Dylan

Song writer

2016

The USA

Louise Gluck

Poetry)

2020

The USA

37. Identify from the above table the song writer who won the Nobel Prize for literature.

Answer : Bob Dylan

38. Dorris Lessing was given the Nobel Prize in the year- .

Answer : 2007

39. Which writer in the above list has two literary areas to his credit ?

Answer : Mario varga Lloss

40. Who, according to the list above, is the latest winner of the Nobel Prize ?

Answer : Louise Gluck

41. The country with two Nobel laureates in the list is         

Answer : The USA

42. Who is the only poet in the list ?

Answer : Lousise Gluck

43. Complete the conversation suitably.

Friend                    You look really sad, (a). ?

Martha                   Yeah, I never thought 1 should pay for the scholarship  jacket.

Friend               :                (b)......... ?

Martha                   I won't get the scholarship jacket this year.

Friend               :                (c)......... ?

Martha                   They can take such decisions as they please.

Friend               :                (d)......... ?

Martha                   No, I can't pay the amount they demanded.

Friend                    Then you can approach Grandfather. If you ask him      (0

Martha              :    I don't think so.

Friend               :    Then you'd better.... (0...........

Martha                   Yeah, I'm thinking of complaining to the higher authorities

Answer :

a) don't you?

b) Why are you so sad? / What happened to you?

c) Why do they take such decision?

d) Can you pay the amout they demand?

e) He will give you the money.

f) You had better make a complaint to the higher authorities

44- Fill in the blanks using the right phrases from the ones given in the box. put up with, go on, turn down, go for, turn up 

A lot of people______ (a)________ to watch the shooting of the film. The film crew_________ (b)                            requesting          the people to clear the field. But all the requests were_______________ (c)   by        the big crowd that assembled there. But when the tiger emerged from the cage and (d)______ the crowd, they ran for their lives.

Answer :

a) turn up

b) Go on

c) Turn down

d) Go for

45. There are a few errors in the passage given below. They are underlined. Edit them. In the case of very famous stars, this job is done over (a) their stand-ins. A stand-in is usually a person that (b) is physical (c) similar to the real star. The stars themself (d) arrive only when the lights are ready and it is time to taking (e) a shot. 

Answer : a) by b) Who c) Physically d) themselves e) take