Energy Management
Fuels:- It is Substances that release plenty of heat energy on burning.
Properties of 4 good Fuel
Easily Available.
No. Corbon monoxide Produced.
Should have high Calorific value.
Should have easily storage machanism.
No atmospheric. pollution.
Advantage of Complete Combustion
More heat energy is Produced.
Corbon monoxide is not formed
Ignition temprature is vary low
Drawbacks of partial Combustion
Carbon monoxide is produced
Loss of Fuel and Time.
Fuel does not burn completely
Coal : Main component is Carbon .Based om Carbon content it is classified into 4 Groups.
Peat, Lignite,anthracite, and Bituminous Coal. Coal is distilled absence of air Ammonia, Coal gas Coal tar and Coke is produced.
CNG (compressed natural gas)
The main component is methane.
Used as fuel in vehicle and thermal power station.
it Liqufied and and transported to distant places conveniently.
LPG(Liquified Petroleum gas)
It is obtained by fractional distillation of Petroleum
It is colorless and odourless gas.
Butane is main constituent.
Ethyl mercaptan is used to detect gas leakage.
Biological waste commonly called Biomass
Problem that arise due to combustion of biomass
Smoke is formed.
Carbon monoxide is formed.
Gasses like SO2 also formed.
Biogas : Bio waste is deposited in biogas plant in the absence of oxygen biogas is formed by the action of bacteria.
Main constituents - Methane and CO2
Advantages of biogas
Creator calorific value
No bad smell
Atmospheric pollution is minimised due to the absance of soot and smoke produced.
Slurry discharge from the biogas plant is good manure.
Hydrogen as fuel
Highest calorific value .
Abundant in nature.
No atmospheric pollution.
Hydrogen not used at domestic fuel
Possibility of explosion.
Difficult to storage.
Difficult to transport.
Hydrogen is used as fuel in rocket.
Electricity from light
Solar cell which convert light energy electricity. PN junction diode is main Part.
When light falls on N side of a solar cell , a small electric current is obtained due to the flow of electrons to P region from N region . This phenomenon is called photo voltaic effect. It is used to Space Station radio or TV relay station.
Nuclear fission
The process of nuclei of Greater mass are split into lighter nuclei using neutrons
Atom bomb.
Nuclear reactor.
Nuclear power station.
Nuclear fusion
It is the process of lighter nuclei combined to form heavier nuclei.
Energy produced in star
Hydrogen bomb
Energy changes -> nuclear energy -> heat energy -> mechanical energy -> electrical energy
Green energy (Clean Energy)
Green energy is the energy produced from Natural Sources that does not cause environmental pollution. Example : Solar, wind, wave , energy from Biomass
Brown energy : Energy produced from Non Renewable sources such as petroleum and nuclear energy are called brown energy. Example : Atomic reactors, diesel engine, thermal power station
Reducing energy crisis as per as possible
Judicious utilization of energy
Maximum utilization of solar energy
Use public transport system
Use more efficient engine
Timely maintenance of machines
Fuels:- It is Substances that release plenty of heat energy on burning.
Properties of 4 good Fuel
Easily Available.
No. Corbon monoxide Produced.
Should have high Calorific value.
Should have easily storage machanism.
No atmospheric. pollution.
Advantage of Complete Combustion
More heat energy is Produced.
Corbon monoxide is not formed
Ignition temprature is vary low
Drawbacks of partial Combustion
Carbon monoxide is produced
Loss of Fuel and Time.
Fuel does not burn completely
Coal : Main component is Carbon .Based om Carbon content it is classified into 4 Groups.
Peat, Lignite,anthracite, and Bituminous Coal. Coal is distilled absence of air Ammonia, Coal gas Coal tar and Coke is produced.
CNG (compressed natural gas)
The main component is methane.
Used as fuel in vehicle and thermal power station.
it Liqufied and and transported to distant places conveniently.
LPG(Liquified Petroleum gas)
It is obtained by fractional distillation of Petroleum
It is colorless and odourless gas.
Butane is main constituent.
Ethyl mercaptan is used to detect gas leakage.
Biological waste commonly called Biomass
Problem that arise due to combustion of biomass
Smoke is formed.
Carbon monoxide is formed.
Gasses like SO2 also formed.
Biogas : Bio waste is deposited in biogas plant in the absence of oxygen biogas is formed by the action of bacteria.
Main constituents - Methane and CO2
Advantages of biogas
Creator calorific value
No bad smell
Atmospheric pollution is minimised due to the absance of soot and smoke produced.
Slurry discharge from the biogas plant is good manure.
Hydrogen as fuel
Highest calorific value .
Abundant in nature.
No atmospheric pollution.
Hydrogen not used at domestic fuel
Possibility of explosion.
Difficult to storage.
Difficult to transport.
Hydrogen is used as fuel in rocket.
Electricity from light
Solar cell which convert light energy electricity. PN junction diode is main Part.
When light falls on N side of a solar cell , a small electric current is obtained due to the flow of electrons to P region from N region . This phenomenon is called photo voltaic effect. It is used to Space Station radio or TV relay station.
Nuclear fission
The process of nuclei of Greater mass are split into lighter nuclei using neutrons
Atom bomb.
Nuclear reactor.
Nuclear power station.
Nuclear fusion
It is the process of lighter nuclei combined to form heavier nuclei.
Energy produced in star
Hydrogen bomb
Energy changes -> nuclear energy -> heat energy -> mechanical energy -> electrical energy
Green energy (Clean Energy)
Green energy is the energy produced from Natural Sources that does not cause environmental pollution. Example : Solar, wind, wave , energy from Biomass
Brown energy : Energy produced from Non Renewable sources such as petroleum and nuclear energy are called brown energy. Example : Atomic reactors, diesel engine, thermal power station
Reducing energy crisis as per as possible
Judicious utilization of energy
Maximum utilization of solar energy
Use public transport system
Use more efficient engine
Timely maintenance of machines
Quick Notes Recap
- Combustion :- Complete combustion ; Partial Combustion.
- Fuel :- Renewable ( solar, wind, water (hydro), biomass) and Non renewable(coal, nuclear, oil, and natural gas).
- Fossil Fuels :- Petroleum, Coal (Fossil fuels sre formed from organic material over the course of millions of years)
- Efficiency of fuels :- Calorific value (The energy contained in a fuel or food)
- Biomass :- Biogas (Biogas is the mixture of gases produced by the breakdown of organic matter in the absence of oxygen (anaerobically), primarily consisting of methane and carbon dioxide)
- Solar Energy :- Solar Cell, Solar Panel, Solar Devices
- Solar Thermal Power plant :- Energy from wind, enegery from sea, Geothermal energy.
- Nuclear Energy :- Nuclear Fission, Nuclear Fusion.
- Green Energy, Brown Energy
- Energy Crisis, Remedies