The ratio of the sine of the angle of incidence to the sine of the angle refraction $$\frac{Sin i}{Sin r}$$ will always be a contact. This is known as Snell’s Law
\frac{Sin i}{Sin r} = W
n = Refractive index
The refractive index of one medium with respect to another is called Relative Refractive Index.
The refractive index of a medium with respect to vacuum is called Absolute Refractive Index.
$$Refractive index = \frac{Speed Of Light In Air}{Speed Of Light Medium}$$
$$n = \frac{C}{V}$$
When a ray of light passes from a medium of greater optical density to that of lower optical density, the angle of incidence at which the angle of refraction become 90° is the critical angle.
When a ray of light passes from a medium of higher optical density to a medium of lower optical density at an angle of incidence greater than the critical angle, the ray is retlected back to the same medium without undergoing refraction This phenomenon is known as total internal reflection.
A lens is a transparent medium having spherical surfaces.
Principal axis is the imaginary line that passes through the optic center joining the two centers of curvature.
A convex lens has real principal focus.
A concave lens has virtual principal focus.
Nature of image formed by convex lens depends on the position of the image
A concave lens always forms virtual image.
Magnification of real image is negative
Magnification of virtual image is positive.
$$Magnification = \frac{Height Of The Image}{Height Of The Object}$$
$$m = \frac{h_i}{h_o}$$
$$ m = \frac{Image Distance}{Object Distance}$$
$$ m = \frac{V}{U}$$
If magnification is possitive the image will be virtual and erect.
If the magnification is negative, the mage will be real and inverted
Power of Lens : Power of a lens in the reciprocal of focal length expressed in metre.
$$ P = \frac{I}{f}$$
If the power is -ve , the lens is concave lens.
If the power is +ve , the lens in convex lens
The unit of power is droplet (D)
\frac{Sin i}{Sin r} = W
n = Refractive index
The refractive index of one medium with respect to another is called Relative Refractive Index.
The refractive index of a medium with respect to vacuum is called Absolute Refractive Index.
$$Refractive index = \frac{Speed Of Light In Air}{Speed Of Light Medium}$$
$$n = \frac{C}{V}$$
When a ray of light passes from a medium of greater optical density to that of lower optical density, the angle of incidence at which the angle of refraction become 90° is the critical angle.
When a ray of light passes from a medium of higher optical density to a medium of lower optical density at an angle of incidence greater than the critical angle, the ray is retlected back to the same medium without undergoing refraction This phenomenon is known as total internal reflection.
A lens is a transparent medium having spherical surfaces.
Principal axis is the imaginary line that passes through the optic center joining the two centers of curvature.
A convex lens has real principal focus.
A concave lens has virtual principal focus.
Nature of image formed by convex lens depends on the position of the image
A concave lens always forms virtual image.
Magnification of real image is negative
Magnification of virtual image is positive.
$$Magnification = \frac{Height Of The Image}{Height Of The Object}$$
$$m = \frac{h_i}{h_o}$$
$$ m = \frac{Image Distance}{Object Distance}$$
$$ m = \frac{V}{U}$$
If magnification is possitive the image will be virtual and erect.
If the magnification is negative, the mage will be real and inverted
Power of Lens : Power of a lens in the reciprocal of focal length expressed in metre.
$$ P = \frac{I}{f}$$
If the power is -ve , the lens is concave lens.
If the power is +ve , the lens in convex lens
The unit of power is droplet (D)